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Mishra, S. C.
- Influence of Height and Age on Natural Resistance of Bamboos against Termites
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Bambusa Polymorpha, Bambusa arundinacea and Dendrocalamus strictus, Microcerotermes
beesoni
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Indian Forester, Vol 134, No 5 (2008), Pagination: 697-702Abstract
Bamboos are tall arborescent grasses used in many aspects of life. It is believed that bamboo is susceptible to termite attack, which restricts its uses. Normally bamboo is harvested without considering its age and height. Therefore, a study on the influence of height and age on natural termite resistance of bamboo becomes very relevant and important. The three bamboo species studied were B. polymorpha, B. arundinacea and D. strictus against the termite M. beesoni Snyder under laboratory conditions. It was found that age has the great influence on the durability of bamboo and height may affect the same. The bamboos harvested after three years of age were more resistant to termite attack than harvested before three years of age. No significant difference was found in the termite damages of the three portions however, a trend is found that the top portion of bamboo is more susceptible to termite attack than the bottom portion. It seems that as the height increases, the termite resistance property decreases. These findings could be effectively used for harvesting of bamboos and selection of suitable portion.Keywords
Bamboos, Natural Resistance Against Termites, Influence of Height and Age,Bambusa Polymorpha, Bambusa arundinacea and Dendrocalamus strictus, Microcerotermes
beesoni
- A Study of Termite Damage in Relation to Chemical Composition of Bamboos
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Indian Forester, Vol 133, No 3 (2007), Pagination: 411-418Abstract
Nutrition in insects is primarily concerned with the chemical substances present in the food. Some wood species are known to possess inherent quality of comparative termite resistance, which is attributed to its physical and chemical properties. Bamboos are susceptible to termite attack. Chemical composition of bamboo influences the consumption and assimilation of food by termites. The knowledge of chemical composition of bamboos is essential for the study of possible causes of termite attack. In the present research work, three important bamboo species B. polymorpha, B. aundinacea and D. strictus were studied for their chemical composition in relation to termite attack. The results indicate that the quantity of oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides does not seem to play a significant role in termite resistance quality. Nitrogen content in bamboo is directly related with termite damage. The quantity of lignin, ash content and silica content present in bamboo influence termite damage and play a significant role in termite resistance property of bamboo.- Influence of Felling Season and Moon Phase on Natural Resistance of Bamboos against Termite
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Indian Forester, Vol 131, No 11 (2005), Pagination: 1486-1492Abstract
Bamboos form an integral part of rural and urban life style. It has over 1500 uses and tremendous versatility in many aspects of daily life. In ground contact it has only one to two years' service life as it is usually affected by termites. Knowing the rising cost of repairs a study of natural termite resistance of bamboo becomes very relevant and important. The three bamboo species studied were B. polymorpha, B. aundinacea and D. stricuts for their natural resistance abgainst termite M. beesoni Snyder under laboratory conditions. These were found significantly different in their natural resistance and D. strictus is found as the most resistant species and B. arundinacea is the least among the species studied. Season has the great influence on the durability of bamboo species. The bamboos harvested during winter months were more resistant to termite attack than harvested during summer. Effect of the Moon phase is found significant on termite resistance. The bamboos felled during dark phase were comparatively more resistant than felled in moon phase. These findings could be effectively used for harvesting of bamboos and selection of suitable species along with the season. However, more studies are required to confirm the tests.- Laboratory Evaluation of Natural Resistance of Bamboos to Termites
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Indian Forester, Vol 124, No 12 (1998), Pagination: 1043-1046Abstract
Bamboos, the most versatile forest based natural resource, play an important role in the national economy of many countries, particularly those lying in the South Asian-Pacific region. Unlike many timber species, no authentic data is available on the natural resistance of bamboos against borers and termites. Forest Research Institute,Debra Dun has carried out some pioneering work on this aspect and the results of laboratory evaluation of natural resistance of 13 species of bamboos is presented here against the test termite Microcerotermes beesoni Snyder. The test data shows that Bambusa nutans (wt.loss 23.40%),Dendrocalamus strictus (wt.loss 27.42%),D.giganteus (wt. loss 28.66%) and Ochlandra travancorica (wt. loss 29.82%) are relatively more resistant as compared to other species of bamboos tested. The natural resistance of these species is more or less comparable to some of the moderately durable commercially important timber species, such as Anogeissus latifolia, Garuga pinnata and Shorea robusta, etc. The outer layer/rind of bamboo is highly resistant and termites normally invade bamboo from the cut end portion only.- Role of Termites on Decomposition Process in Agro-forestry Ecosystem and their Non-toxic Control Strategy
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Indian Forester, Vol 123, No 9 (1997), Pagination: 851-859Abstract
Termites are one of the major consumers of plant materials ranging from living plant/wood tissues to dry, decayed, decomposed plant tissues mixed with soil or humus. In tropical and subtropical regiolls termite comprise relatively large components of the Agro-forestry ecosystem, only 10% of the 2,000+ known species have been recorded as pests. Keeping in view, the economic importance of termites, their role on decomposition process in Agro-forestry ecosystem, on the basis of habit and habitat, consumption of food, degradation and digestion of major food components in the gut and mechanism involved, return of nutrients to the ecosystem, recycling of plant material into the soil and impact on soil fertility etc, has been assessed. In addition to this, some direct benefits derived by man has also been discussed. In view of the immense importance of termites in the ecosystem and some direct benefits to man, it is desirable to adopt preventive control measures instead of killing indiscriminately to eradicate them. In the light of above, possibilities of some nontoxic, environmentally acceptable control strategy has also been discussed.- Comparative Natural Resistance of Different Clones of Tectona grandis Lf. To Teak Skeletoniser Eutectona machaeralis Wlk. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
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Indian Forester, Vol 118, No 4 (1992), Pagination: 274-278Abstract
16 clones of Tectona grandis (viz Bori. FG-1, Gorakhpur, FG-19, Denedel, Haldwani, Bogor. Teli, Kurseong. Nilambur, 1 aos, nimao, Coorg, Orissa, Togo, Allapalla) maintained in teak germ plasm bank at New Forest, Dehra Dun were evaluated for their natural variation in susceptibility to leak defoliator Eutectona machaeralis wlk On the basis of quantity of food (Leaf) consumed by larvae (per gm larvae/day), clone Bori and FG.-I (306 mg) seems to be the most resistant followed by Gorakbpur (340 mg). FG-19 (349 mg), Denedel (359 mg). Allapalla (1.54 gm). Togo (1.25 gm) and Orissa (867 mg) are most susceptible. A similar trend has been observed by consumption/day/larva. A definite correlation for natural variation in resistance could not be established on digestion coefficient (D C.%) by the larvae.- Digestion of Major Food (Leaf) Components by the Teak Defoliating Lepidopterous Larvae Hyblaea puera Cram (Hyblaeidae) and Eutectona machaeralis Walk (Pyralidae)
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Indian Forester, Vol 118, No 11 (1992), Pagination: 848-855Abstract
The digestion coeficient (D.C.%) of the fourth instar larvae of Hyblaea puera and Eutectona machaeralis varied from. 9. - 42.6% and 28.2 35.5% respectively, depending upon the host species. The proximate chemical composition of food and faecal matter of the larvae revealed that H. puera larvae (per gm food ingested) assimilate 71.0- 138.5 mg simple sugars;38.3-79.3 mg starch. some hexosans, tannins, etc.; 25.1-125.9 mg hemicellulose group; 2.0- 32.3 mg cellulose; 2.8 -162.4 mg lignin and 8.0-129.3 mg alcohol: benzene soluble components with different host species. In E. machaeralis larvae, the above figures ranged from 77.3-78.3 mg; 58.3 -101.5 mg; 24.0- 27.2 mg; 1.2 -1.9 mg; 1.2 -4.0 mg and 119.5-143.4 mg. The Tectona grandis is tbe most preferred host for both the larval species. The probable mechanism involved in degradation of polysaccaharides and lignin has also been discussed.- Biological Control of Forest Weeds in India−Retrospect and Prospects
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Indian Forester, Vol 112, No 12 (1986), Pagination: 1088-1092Abstract
Weeds are one of the major biological agents affecting the productivity of crops, as the weeds compete with economic crops for nutrients from the soil. In forestry, Lantana, Mikania and Eupatorium are important weeds causing incalculable damage, including wildlife management programme. For the management of forest weeds, biological control seems to be the only practical proposition. This paper presents a review of the current status of biological control of forest weeds and suggests future lines of research.- Aristobia horridula Hope (Coleoptera: Lamidae) a new pest of Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.) in West Bengal
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Indian Forester, Vol 111, No 9 (1985), Pagination: 738-741Abstract
A new insect pest, Aristobia horridula Hope, of Dalbergia sissoo is recorded from West Bengal. About 80 to 90 per cent of trees of Dalbergia sissoo plantation was affected at the time of observation.- Observations on the Biology of Bag Warm-Clania crambri Westwood (Psychidae : Lepidoptera)
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Indian Forester, Vol 104, No 2 (1978), Pagination: 135-141Abstract
The biology of the bag worm-Clania crameri West. has been studied. The female laid eggs from 150-630 after 2-5 days of emergence. The incubation period varied from 5-7 day, larval period 10-11 months, pupal period 17-21 daya in male and 7-13 days in case of female. The pest completes one generation in a year. The discription of various life stages has been given.- Observations on Th Life History of Attfva fabrictella Swed. (Yponomeutidae: Lepidoptera) a Pest of Ailanthus excelsa at Kanpur
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Indian Forester, Vol 92, No 7 (1966), Pagination: 461-464Abstract
no abstract- Studies on the Natural Resistance of Timbers to Termite Attack. VI. Laboratory Evaluation of the Resistance of 'Mundani', 'Anjan' and 'Banati' to Microcerotermes beesoni Snyder (Insecta : Isoptera Amitermitinae)
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Indian Forester, Vol 96, No 1 (1970), Pagination: 75-84Abstract
Heartwood of 'mundani' (Actocarpus fraxinifolius Wight), anjan (Hardwickia binata Roxb.) and 'banati' (Lophopetalum wightianum Arn.) were tested in laoratory under controlled condition of temperature (28° + 1°C) and relative humidity (85-90% r.h.) using laboratory colonies of Microcerotermes beesoni Snyder which builds wood-carton nests in the North India. Each test colony comprised of ca 1000 workers which were measured volumetrically and tested for 60 days. The results show that the heartwood of 'anjan' and wood of 'banati' are very resistant to attack by termites (mean % weight-loss: outer heartwood 0.075 and inner heartwood 2.61 in case of 'anjan' and outer region 0.014 and inner region 0.68 in case of 'banati'). Heartwood of 'mundani, however, proved susceptible to termite attack (mean % weight-loss: outer heartwood 33.95, inner heartwood 54.33).- Observations on the Biology of Wax Moth-galleria mallonella Linn. (Pyralidae-lepidoptera)
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